Investigating the Role of Water and Landscape in Abbas Abad Garden

Iranian garden is a product of order imposed by Iranian thought on nature and natural elements, such as water and plants. Water and water elements are very important and Iranian gardens cannot be imagined without the presence of water in such a way that it plays an essential role in the design and organization of the garden space. On the other hand, the deep view is the main pillar in creating the space of the Iranian garden due to the creation of a direct axis. The presence of water in the main axis of the garden and the intersection of sight with water areas at the end of the path are other features of Abbas Abad Behshahr Garden.Abbas Abad Behshahr Garden, which was the recreational garden of Shah Abbas Safavid, is one of the most beautiful gardens on the southern shore of the Caspian Sea and is located on the forest slopes, 9 km from Behshahr. The construction of the garden in the completely natural environment of the forest, the wide presence of water, and two-way visibility due to the two-way slope in the garden are the unique features of Abbas Abad Behshahr Garden that make this garden stand out from other ones. While introducing the mentioned garden, this research tries to present the role of view and landscape and the presence of water in garden design. The paper tries to answer these questions: ‘What is the existential philosophy of the garden in the impassable forest area?’ And ‘What is the role of water and different water elements in Abbas Abad Garden?’ Using the historical research method and case study with the library and field data collection methods leads the research to the conclusion that the use of a two-way view and landscape (Dam Lake and the Caspian Sea) and the existence of abundant water have created a special form of the garden in the natural and forest environment.